Car Country

The unemployment rate in Riverside County California now approaches 13%. In the State of Indiana, unemployment approaches 10% and in Michigan it’s above 12%–though in many cities within these states, unemployment is higher, above 15%. The Central Valley of California is particularly hard hit. It’s fascinating that the United States has just gone through its second (or even third) major oil shock with the attendant bust of the US auto industry, and yet, we seem not to have noticed the theme: if you are heavily reliant on cars for either transport or jobs, this recession has packed an extra special punch, just for you.

andy-warhol-silkscreen-19721The last pair of oil shocks followed pretty closely in the aftermath of peak US oil production in 1971. Spare capacity then shifted to OPEC. Therefore, even though global demand was still well below available supply, OPEC assumed control of price in both directions. Of course, they squandered their new found power on the intemperate embargo. And as a result, pretty much wrecked the global supply-demand balance for a couple of years. OPEC was young then, and was unable to navigate their new role as the central bank of oil.

Question: why is oil near 70.00 now, in the midst of the deepest recession since WW2? Is it because OPEC has cut nearly 2 Mb/day from global production? Shouldn’t oil be closer to 20.00 as it was during the last recession, which was much milder? By the way, OPEC was cutting then too. And the largest non-OPEC producer, Russia, was also cutting. As this was only 7-8 years ago, could that much have changed in global oil supply since the last recession?

The world produced and consumed 135 billion barrels of oil in the 5 year span from 2004 through 2008. Price rose each one of those years starting at 30.00 and rising to 150.00. But supply did not. Now that we’ve come down off the July 2008 production high of 74.823 Mb/day, the entire 5 year run looks like a long plateau, in which price was unable to bring forth any net, new supply. As an aside, I would mention that total primary energy demand globally, especially in emerging markets, flourished during that period. In other words, behind the orderly rise of oil over the past five years, total global demand for energy was rapacious and had to find a cheaper BTU in coal and natural gas.

My question, which, on the day General Motors has declared bankruptcy seems quite fair: why does the country believe the jury’s still out on global oil depletion? The US economy and the US auto industry have cratered at least two distinct times now since we were last a giant of oil, in our own right. Cleveland, Modesto, Gary, Detroit, GM, Chrysler, Riverside…what other signal does one need?

Update 03 June 2009: The Labor Department reported unemployment data today for 372 metropolitan areas. Among those with a population of 1 million people or more, the two metro areas in the nation with the highest unemployment were Detroit, and, Riverside-San Bernardino: Of the 49 metropolitan areas with a Census 2000 population of 1 million or more, Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich., and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif., reported the highest unemployment rates in April, 13.6 and 12.6 percent, respectively.

-Gregor

Photo: Andy Warhol, 1962 Studebaker Avanti, Silkscreen.

Further Reading:

James Hamilton: Causes and Consequences of the Oil Shock of 2007-2008 .pdf

Michael Lardelli: Energy is Everything.

Jeff Rubin: The recession: First, there was expensive oil.

News Update: Labor Dept: 9 of the 13 metropolitan (US) areas with jobless rates of at least 15 percent are in California.

  • R Hostetter

    The GM symbolism is simply too ironic.

    The failure to recognize that the US current account deficit, housing price bubble and consequent financial market implosion are not the CAUSE of the current economic malaise but rather the symptoms of the ultimate cause, i.e., resource depletion that a mispriced USD continues to encourage, via over-consumption and underinvestment (of/in oil, manufacturing, alternative energy, etc)– this myopia will surely go down as a sad but tremendous national folly.

    We used to laugh about, or bemoan, Japan's squandering of its ridiculous bubble-era purchasing power on trophies like Pebble Beach, Monets in the corporate vault, or the (overpriced) Rockefeller Center (at least that one produced some cash flow!). They could have, after all, bid for Microsoft, Cisco, Boeing, or GE.

    But, in retrospect, is not the US's squandering of insane purchasing power, unknown elsewhere in history, on lifting the consumption/GDP ratio to 72%, and all the McMansions and Malls of America it took to get there, a colossal birthright-toss that makes Japan's look childish by comparison?

    The country that could, to an extent none would have thought possible in 1971, issue unsecured liabilities nearly at will in exchange for whatever goods or services it deemed fit, chose to buy very little of lasting or strategic value (even Patriot missiles, after all, require a carbon-fuel-based propulsion system). And it still fails to diagnose the problem, and react, while there is still time (perhaps).

    Is there not a basic design mismatch between a resource scarce world and a fiat-reserve-USD-centric monetary system that cannot, as it currently functions, send the proper price signals to the consumer and capital? In essence, the current global monetary system arguably acts, for US resource consumption/investment, like a Chinese oil subsidy, encouraging self-destructive behavior? Until this system is dismantled, the “solutions” will, whatever form they take, be only temporary.

    Thanks, as always, for your valuable insights.

  • bill waytena

    The data on oil production and recoverable reserves is simple. We have 2x more oil that we know we can pump out of the ground today than we knew about 9 years ago! The problem is, most of it it sits under OPEC nations. That's why production has not massively increased. They don't want low priced oil. Peak oil suggests that supply can't keep up with demand, so prices rise. But the oil is on the shelf. The trouble is those that manipulate supply and the futures markets. We are using less oil today than we did 5 years ago, worldwide. Inventories are the highest ever, in ground supply is so much more, future demand not even close to our current rate of discovery. The numbers don't lie, OPEC does.

  • bill waytena

    Great macro insight. What seems to drive us is the power of advertising. Perhaps the companies of the stock markets should advertise themselves more, as investments.

  • http://notthatkindofoperation.blogspot.com/ hbobrien

    So, um… If Peak Oil is such a problem, why isn't OPEC behaving like it is? That is, one would think that by constraining output on the part of OPEC, they'd manage to increase the value of their petroleum assets. Instead, as you say, they've kept prices low. In addition, OPEC keeps asking for guarantees of demand (here's an example on the public web, and a Factiva search yields more instances).

    In other words, OPEC keeps behaving like the oil glut of the 1980s was their defining crisis, and demand might collapse at any moment, leaving them broke. Surely if OPEC believed in Peak Oil, just the opposite behavior would be seen?

  • gregor.us

    One of the functions of getting oil back towards 70-80 will be, in my opinion, the deceleration of the supply destruction that was triggered when oil fell below 80.00 last year. All with lags of course. A lag on the original supply destruction from last year's price crash. And, a lag to the cessation of that supply destruction. Even now, my call is that not until late 2010 can the world be built back in terms of planning, for new supply projects.

    Now. As for intention, in the sense of what is OPEC's thinking and intention–well, I don't know. I do know that OPEC is more cohesive when compared to its past, both in terms of behavior and in terms of self-understanding.

    BTW, you should know I hold that view that very high prices and very low prices within tighter, and tighter timeframes are endemic to a depletion pattern, for a finite resource. So it matters less what OPEC thinks, or thinks it knows, or does.

    So, um… If Peak Oil is such a problem, why isn't OPEC behaving like it is?

    It's not an answerable question. Or, it has many answers. But my answer would be there is not a line of logic or discovery between the two parts–Peak Oil and OPEC behavior. OPEC is random, and may move back and forth between rational and irrational behavior. One could even make the case that it's benevolent behavior–an attempt to prevent non-OPEC supply from crashing.

    I'll guess you won't like my answer too much. :-)

    G

  • http://notthatkindofoperation.blogspot.com/ hbobrien

    “I'll guess you won't like my answer too much. :-)

    Since your answer relies on three highly dubious assumptions — you know better than OPEC countries do what their reserves are; you know better than they do what their interests are; and you know better than the market does what the price of oil should be — yes, you'd be right about that. I can only hope you're doing a Colbert/Limbaugh style parody of a theory-over-observation narcissist — at which point I would say, You need to be funnier.

    While I have your ear, though: You wrote recently of a phenomenon, “…broadly known as Jevon’s Paradox.” Two things:

    * There is no such thing known as “Jevon's Paradox.” There is the Jevons Paradox, named for William Stanley Jevons, who wrote The Coal Question. He can be thought of as a believer in “Peak Coal.”

    * Even under its proper name, though, the Jevons Paradox has some empirical problems, as I elaborate here.

    The anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski once said he could tell if a book in his field had anything useful to say if it cited him. If not, then not. More recently, James Fallows of The Atlantic has collected instances of people using the “boiled frog” mistake as proof of gullibility.

    I'm beginning to think the Jevons Paradox can be used the same way. And as for people who can't even be bothered to spell it correctly…

  • RJ

    Yes, volatility is not only endemic to the problem of depletion, it also masks the true state of affairs with regard to issues concerning long term sustainability, of which there is none.

    Thank you for posting Jevon's book in your next post. In the preface was a quote from Adam Smith, which when read with depletion in mind, may help illuminate the cognitive dissonance associated with humanities' predicament.

    “The progressive state is in reality the cheerful and the hearty state to all the different orders of the society; the stationary is dull; the declining melancholy.”

    After all, who wants to be melancholy?

  • gregor.us

    I'll look past the snark and the picayune jabs one more time, and see if you can catch a glimpse of your own misunderstandings this time around.

    First, your construct about OPEC behavior is your construct. Not mine. My answer was quite clear: you cannot back out in a math-like equation OPEC behavior and peak flow rates. This is a mistaken appeal to rationality. There is no evidence that oil producers are rational actors anymore than they are irrational actors. They are both.

    My rebuttal to this false construct of yours is neither this tedious laundry list you have put together where you assert that I claim to know more than OPEC (yet another false construct of yours). Quite the contrary. What I know is that they are neither wholly rational nor irrational. They are both.

    BTW, incorrect use of the possessive apostrophe is not the mark of illiteracy, no matter how many times you claim as such in ad nauseum fashion on the internet. Equally, your misunderstandings of energy and Jevons Paradox are not to be confused with deep, revolutionary insight. They are just misunderstandings, and tight, sarcastic prose won't change that either.

    I suggest you run along now.

  • gregor.us

    Nicely put. You should throw this up as a post, at your own blog, if you have one. I also like the theme of mismatch. Currently I am going back to re-read alot of the history and social thought that I was studying as an undergrad and I find that societies really have to be lucky when it comes to matching resources and demand, because they just don't plan for such things.

    Of course, then there's countries like Sweden who are almost strangely alone in their ability to plan for the future.

    I'd like someone to explain Sweden.

    G

  • gregor.us

    Discoveries of oil globally peaked over 45 years ago.

    I agree with you on the phenomenon of reserve growth. But it works both ways. Price has to rise much, much higher from here in order to bring on economical reserves. Generally speaking.

    More broadly, I see no reason why the oil market has to forever remain prices to ration near term supply and demand. Hotelling spoke to this issue in the early 1930's.

    At some point it will be undertood to be the act of a rational oil producer to limit production at all times, in order to smooth out the depletion of those reserves and to better redeploy the capital from their sale and export.

    G

  • gregor.us

    Thankyou. That is exactly right. Well spotted.

    Whether it's the 19th Century, the 20th Century or the 21st Century the record is now becoming more clear: society will nearly always misinterpret writings or assertions about large scale problems or trends, or resource depletion, (or even just “pressures”) as rigid doomerism. Once misunderstood as such, even the most thoughtful expositions and musings can then be more summarily dismissed.

    It was done against Jevons in the 19th C, and it's still being done against Jevons.

    Consider for example how Paul Erlich's views about food, water, poverty are now treated many decades later. With more than 20% of humanity in extreme poverty, living in mega-slums, surrounding by industrial waste, and barely able to get enough water–Erlich and the Club of Rome “have been proven to be spectacularly wrong!”

    G

  • http://notthatkindofoperation.blogspot.com/ hbobrien

    “(Y)our construct about OPEC behavior is your construct. Not mine.”

    Yet…

    “There is no evidence that oil producers are rational actors anymore than they are irrational actors. They are both.”

    How is that not a construct on your part? What evidence do you have for it?

    “What I know is that they are neither wholly rational nor irrational. They are both. “

    *How* do you know? What has persuaded you so? Aside from disagreeing with their behavior?

    “(I)ncorrect use of the possessive apostrophe is not the mark of illiteracy, no matter how many times you claim as such in ad nauseum fashion on the internet.”

    This would be more persuasive if you spelled “ad nausam” correctly.

    “Equally, your misunderstandings of energy and Jevons Paradox…”

    What empirical evidence do you have for my alleged misunderstandings (aside that you disagree)? I've presented a link to the empirical evidence I use — where's yours?

    “I suggest you run along now.”

    I'll give your kind offer all due consideration.

  • gregor.us

    I'll look past the snark and the picayune jabs one more time, and see if you can catch a glimpse of your own misunderstandings this time around.

    First, your construct about OPEC behavior is your construct. Not mine. My answer was quite clear: you cannot back out in a math-like equation OPEC behavior and peak flow rates. This is a mistaken appeal to rationality. There is no evidence that oil producers are rational actors anymore than they are irrational actors. They are both.

    My rebuttal to this false construct of yours is neither this tedious laundry list you have put together where you assert that I claim to know more than OPEC (yet another false construct of yours). Quite the contrary. What I know is that they are neither wholly rational nor irrational. They are both.

    BTW, incorrect use of the possessive apostrophe is not the mark of illiteracy, no matter how many times you claim as such in ad nauseum fashion on the internet. Equally, your misunderstandings of energy and Jevons Paradox are not to be confused with deep, revolutionary insight. They are just misunderstandings, and tight, sarcastic prose won't change that either.

    I suggest you run along now.

  • gregor.us

    Nicely put. You should throw this up as a post, at your own blog, if you have one. I also like the theme of mismatch. Currently I am going back to re-read alot of the history and social thought that I was studying as an undergrad and I find that societies really have to be lucky when it comes to matching resources and demand, because they just don't plan for such things.

    Of course, then there's countries like Sweden who are almost strangely alone in their ability to plan for the future.

    I'd like someone to explain Sweden.

    G

  • gregor.us

    Discoveries of oil globally peaked over 45 years ago.

    I agree with you on the phenomenon of reserve growth. But it works both ways. Price has to rise much, much higher from here in order to bring on economical reserves. Generally speaking.

    More broadly, I see no reason why the oil market has to forever remain prices to ration near term supply and demand. Hotelling spoke to this issue in the early 1930's.

    At some point it will be undertood to be the act of a rational oil producer to limit production at all times, in order to smooth out the depletion of those reserves and to better redeploy the capital from their sale and export.

    G

  • gregor.us

    Thankyou. That is exactly right. Well spotted.

    Whether it's the 19th Century, the 20th Century or the 21st Century the record is now becoming more clear: society will nearly always misinterpret writings or assertions about large scale problems or trends, or resource depletion, (or even just “pressures”) as rigid doomerism. Once misunderstood as such, even the most thoughtful expositions and musings can then be more summarily dismissed.

    It was done against Jevons in the 19th C, and it's still being done against Jevons.

    Consider for example how Paul Erlich's views about food, water, poverty are now treated many decades later. With more than 20% of humanity in extreme poverty, living in mega-slums, surrounding by industrial waste, and barely able to get enough water–Erlich and the Club of Rome “have been proven to be spectacularly wrong!”

    G

  • http://notthatkindofoperation.blogspot.com/ hbobrien

    “(Y)our construct about OPEC behavior is your construct. Not mine.”

    Yet…

    “There is no evidence that oil producers are rational actors anymore than they are irrational actors. They are both.”

    How is that not a construct on your part? What evidence do you have for it?

    “What I know is that they are neither wholly rational nor irrational. They are both. “

    *How* do you know? What has persuaded you so? Aside from disagreeing with their behavior?

    “(I)ncorrect use of the possessive apostrophe is not the mark of illiteracy, no matter how many times you claim as such in ad nauseum fashion on the internet.”

    This would be more persuasive if you spelled “ad nauseam” correctly.

    “Equally, your misunderstandings of energy and Jevons Paradox…”

    What empirical evidence do you have for my alleged misunderstandings (aside that you disagree)? I've presented a link to the empirical evidence I use — where's yours?

    “I suggest you run along now.”

    I'll give your kind offer all due consideration.

  • gregor.us

    I'll look past the snark and the picayune jabs one more time, and see if you can catch a glimpse of your own misunderstandings this time around.

    First, your construct about OPEC behavior is your construct. Not mine. My answer was quite clear: you cannot back out in a math-like equation OPEC behavior and peak flow rates. This is a mistaken appeal to rationality. There is no evidence that oil producers are rational actors anymore than they are irrational actors. They are both.

    My rebuttal to this false construct of yours is neither this tedious laundry list you have put together where you assert that I claim to know more than OPEC (yet another false construct of yours). Quite the contrary. What I know is that they are neither wholly rational nor irrational. They are both.

    BTW, incorrect use of the possessive apostrophe is not the mark of illiteracy, no matter how many times you claim as such in ad nauseum fashion on the internet. Equally, your misunderstandings of energy and Jevons Paradox are not to be confused with deep, revolutionary insight. They are just misunderstandings, and tight, sarcastic prose won't change that either.

    I suggest you run along now.

  • gregor.us

    Nicely put. You should throw this up as a post, at your own blog, if you have one. I also like the theme of mismatch. Currently I am going back to re-read alot of the history and social thought that I was studying as an undergrad and I find that societies really have to be lucky when it comes to matching resources and demand, because they just don't plan for such things.

    Of course, then there's countries like Sweden who are almost strangely alone in their ability to plan for the future.

    I'd like someone to explain Sweden.

    G

  • gregor.us

    Discoveries of oil globally peaked over 45 years ago.

    I agree with you on the phenomenon of reserve growth. But it works both ways. Price has to rise much, much higher from here in order to bring on economical reserves. Generally speaking.

    More broadly, I see no reason why the oil market has to forever remain prices to ration near term supply and demand. Hotelling spoke to this issue in the early 1930's.

    At some point it will be undertood to be the act of a rational oil producer to limit production at all times, in order to smooth out the depletion of those reserves and to better redeploy the capital from their sale and export.

    G

  • gregor.us

    Thankyou. That is exactly right. Well spotted.

    Whether it's the 19th Century, the 20th Century or the 21st Century the record is now becoming more clear: society will nearly always misinterpret writings or assertions about large scale problems or trends, or resource depletion, (or even just “pressures”) as rigid doomerism. Once misunderstood as such, even the most thoughtful expositions and musings can then be more summarily dismissed.

    It was done against Jevons in the 19th C, and it's still being done against Jevons.

    Consider for example how Paul Erlich's views about food, water, poverty are now treated many decades later. With more than 20% of humanity in extreme poverty, living in mega-slums, surrounding by industrial waste, and barely able to get enough water–Erlich and the Club of Rome “have been proven to be spectacularly wrong!”

    G

  • http://notthatkindofoperation.blogspot.com/ hbobrien

    “(Y)our construct about OPEC behavior is your construct. Not mine.”

    Yet…

    “There is no evidence that oil producers are rational actors anymore than they are irrational actors. They are both.”

    How is that not a construct on your part? What evidence do you have for it?

    “What I know is that they are neither wholly rational nor irrational. They are both. “

    *How* do you know? What has persuaded you so? Aside from disagreeing with their behavior?

    “(I)ncorrect use of the possessive apostrophe is not the mark of illiteracy, no matter how many times you claim as such in ad nauseum fashion on the internet.”

    This would be more persuasive if you spelled “ad nauseam” correctly.

    “Equally, your misunderstandings of energy and Jevons Paradox…”

    What empirical evidence do you have for my alleged misunderstandings (aside that you disagree)? I've presented a link to the empirical evidence I use — where's yours?

    “I suggest you run along now.”

    I'll give your kind offer all due consideration.